2025 Regular Session • Virginia Legislature
HB2094: High-risk artificial intelligence; definitions, development, deployment, and use, civil penalties.
Legislative Summary
High-risk artificial intelligence; development, deployment, and use; civil penalties. Creates requirements for the development, deployment, and use of high-risk artificial intelligence systems, defined in the bill, and civil penalties for noncompliance, to be enforced by the Attorney General. The bill has a delayed effective date of July 1, 2026.
Demographic Impact
Overall analysis of equity impact
60% Bias
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Bill History
1/7/2025
Prefiled and ordered printed; Offered 01-13-2025 25104439D
House of Delegates
1/7/2025
Referred to Committee on Communications, Technology and Innovation
House of Delegates
1/22/2025
Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB2094)
House of Delegates
1/23/2025
Assigned CT & I sub: Communications
House of Delegates
1/27/2025
Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute and referring to Appropriations (6-Y 4-N)
House of Delegates
1/27/2025
Reported from Communications, Technology and Innovation with substitute and referred to Appropriations (12-Y 10-N)
House of Delegates
1/27/2025
Committee substitute printed 25105027D-H1
House of Delegates
1/27/2025
Assigned Approps sub: General Government and Capital Outlay
House of Delegates
1/31/2025
Reported from Appropriations with substitute (12-Y 10-N)
House of Delegates
1/31/2025
Committee substitute printed 25106626D-H2
House of Delegates
2/2/2025
Read first time
House of Delegates
2/3/2025
Read second time
House of Delegates
2/3/2025
Passed by temporarily
House of Delegates
2/3/2025
Read second time
House of Delegates
2/3/2025
Communications, Technology and Innovation Substitute rejected
House of Delegates
2/3/2025
Appropriations Substitute agreed to
House of Delegates
2/3/2025
Delegate Maldonado Amendments agreed to
House of Delegates
2/3/2025
Engrossed by House - committee substitute as amended
House of Delegates
2/3/2025
Printed as engrossed 25106626D-EH2
House of Delegates
2/4/2025
Read third time and passed House (51-Y 47-N)
House of Delegates
2/5/2025
Constitutional reading dispensed (on 1st reading)
Senate
2/5/2025
Referred to Committee on General Laws and Technology
Senate
2/6/2025
Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB2094)
House of Delegates
2/12/2025
Reported from General Laws and Technology with substitute and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations (9-Y 3-N 3-A)
Senate
2/12/2025
Committee substitute printed 25107123D-S1
Senate
2/14/2025
Reported from Finance and Appropriations (9-Y 4-N)
Senate
2/17/2025
Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB2094)
House of Delegates
2/17/2025
Rules suspended
Senate
2/17/2025
Constitutional reading dispensed (on 2nd reading) (39-Y 0-N)
Senate
2/17/2025
Passed by for the day
Senate
2/18/2025
Passed by for the day
Senate
2/19/2025
Read third time
Senate
2/19/2025
Reading of substitute waived
Senate
2/19/2025
General Laws and Technology Substitute agreed to
Senate
2/19/2025
Engrossed by Senate - committee substitute
Senate
2/19/2025
Passed Senate with substitute (21-Y 19-N)
Senate
2/20/2025
Senate substitute agreed to by House (52-Y 46-N)
House of Delegates
3/7/2025
Enrolled
House of Delegates
3/7/2025
Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB2094ER)
House of Delegates
3/7/2025
Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB2094)
House of Delegates
3/7/2025
Signed by Speaker
House of Delegates
3/10/2025
Signed by President
Senate
3/11/2025
Enrolled Bill communicated to Governor on March 11, 2025
House of Delegates
3/11/2025
Governor's Action Deadline 11:59 p.m., March 24, 2025
3/24/2025
Vetoed by Governor
4/2/2025
House sustained Governor's veto
House of Delegates
Amendments
Delegate Maldonado Amendments
Delegate Maldonado Amendments
Not Adopted
Delegate Maldonado Amendment
Delegate Maldonado Amendment
Not Adopted
Roll Call Votes
Senate substitute agreed to by House (52-Y 46-N)
2/20/2025
52
Yea
46
Nay
0
Not Voting
2
Absent
Result: PASSED
Passed Senate with substitute (21-Y 19-N)
2/19/2025
21
Yea
19
Nay
0
Not Voting
0
Absent
Result: PASSED
Constitutional reading dispensed (on 2nd reading) (39-Y 0-N)
2/17/2025
39
Yea
0
Nay
0
Not Voting
1
Absent
Result: PASSED
Reported from Finance and Appropriations (9-Y 4-N)
2/14/2025
9
Yea
4
Nay
0
Not Voting
2
Absent
Result: PASSED
Reported from General Laws and Technology with substitute and rereferred to Finance and Appropriations (9-Y 3-N 3-A)
2/12/2025
9
Yea
3
Nay
3
Not Voting
0
Absent
Result: PASSED
Read third time and passed House (51-Y 47-N)
2/4/2025
51
Yea
47
Nay
0
Not Voting
2
Absent
Result: PASSED
Reported from Appropriations with substitute (12-Y 10-N)
1/31/2025
12
Yea
10
Nay
0
Not Voting
0
Absent
Result: PASSED
Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute and referring to Appropriations (6-Y 4-N)
1/27/2025
6
Yea
4
Nay
0
Not Voting
1
Absent
Result: PASSED
Reported from Communications, Technology and Innovation with substitute and referred to Appropriations (12-Y 10-N)
1/27/2025
12
Yea
10
Nay
0
Not Voting
0
Absent
Result: PASSED
Status Information
Current Status
Vetoed(3/24/2025)
Chamber
House of Delegates
Sponsors
Democrat: 24
Primary Sponsor
Michelle Maldonado
Democrat
Co-Sponsors (23)
Jackie Glass
Democrat
C.E. Hayes
Democrat
Irene Shin
Democrat
Bonita Anthony
Democrat
Alex Askew
Democrat
Katrina Callsen
Democrat
Nadarius Clark
Democrat
Laura Jane Cohen
Democrat
Joshua Cole
Democrat
Kelly Convirs-Fowler
Democrat
Michael Feggans
Democrat
Rozia Henson
Democrat
Phil Hernandez
Democrat
Charniele Herring
Democrat
Karen Keys-Gamarra
Democrat
Amy Laufer
Democrat
Destiny LeVere Bolling
Democrat
Adele McClure
Democrat
Marcia Price
Democrat
Holly Seibold
Democrat
Shelly Simonds
Democrat
Kathy Tran
Democrat
Rodney Willett
Democrat